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[[File:Cirque_Lorch_Poster_(1889).jpeg|400px|right]]
==Acrobats, Circus Owners==
''By Dominique Jando''


===Circus Lorch===

The Lorch family was a highly respected Jewish circus family that owned a circus in Germany intermittently from the nineteenth century until 1930. Founded by Hirsch Lorch (1817-1901) in the second half of the nineteenth century, Circus Lorch was continued by his sons, Adolf (1845-1918), who was born in Manheim on May 4, 1845, and Louis (1847-1924), born in Lörrach, in Baden-Württemberg, on July 14, 1847. Before the turn of the twentieth century, the brothers worked in partnership, and their ''Circus Gebrüder Lorch'' traveled principally in southern Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. 

The family acts presented in the show included horsemanship and a remarkable Risley act performed by Louis’s children, which would acquire a towering reputation on the international circus and variety scene during the first half of the twentieth century. The circus maintained winter quarters in Eschollbrücken (today part of Pfungstadt, in the district of Darmstadt-Dieburg) in southern Hessen, where Hirsch Lorch and his family had settled in 1870.

===The Lorch Family===

At the beginning of the twentieth century, while Adolf continued to manage the circus, Louis and his many children went on their own with their Risley act. (Under the sole management of Adolf, Circus Lorch lasted until the beginning of WWI.) With up to eleven performers (family members and partners or apprentices), and at times, horses, Louis’s Lorch Family act was one of the world’s biggest&mdash;and indeed one of the best&mdash;Risley acts. A true star attraction and very much sought after, it toured for nearly three decades with considerable success in Europe, the United States and South America.

In 1909, the Lorch Family troupe sailed to the New World, where their act was featured with the [[Ringling Bros. Circus]]; it remained there until 1912, working in American vaudeville during the winter months. Even after he stopped being an active [[File:Lorch_Family_Ringling.jpeg|thumb|left|400px|The Lorch Family Risley Act (1909)]]participant in the act, Louis continued to travel with his family until his death in 1924&mdash;after which his eldest son, Julius (1875-1942), born December 11, 1875 in Neuwied-am-Rhein, succeeded him as head of the troupe. The most outstanding feats in the Lorch Family act were a series of three consecutive double somersaults that Julius’s son Egon (1900-1954) turned on his father’s feet, and an extremely rare triple somersault. From 1923 to 1925, the Lorch family participated in [[Circus Sarrasani]]’s first South American tour: It is during this tour that Louis died, in Buenos Aires, in 1924.

Like all circus families, the Lorches were related by marriage to other circus dynasties. The most notable alliances were that of Rosa Lorch (1876-1959), one of Julius’s sisters and a talented equestrienne, who married [[The Althoff Dynasty|Alfons Althoff]] (1873-1916), with whom she moved to New York in 1914, and the equestrienne Irene Danner (1923-2006), Julius’s granddaughter, who married the clown [[Peter Bento]] (1923-2013). 

Adolf Lorch married three times. His first wife was Adolfina Ackermann (1842-1873), who gave him two daughters, Rosa (b.1867) and Hilda (b. 1869). His second wife was Amalie Dienhelt (1834-1886), whom he married in 1875; they had an adopted daughter, Amalie Stein (1865-1937). Finally, in 1889, Adolf married the equestrienne Ottilie Blume (1869-1900), who gave him three more children, Olga  (b.1889), Alphons (1890-1940), and Feodora (b.1893). Adolf's sister Rosa (b.1867) married the clown Emil Flumm, and his sister Hilda (b.1869) married the aerialist Charles Szemanovicz. 

Louis married Johanna Meyer (1852-1939), the daughter of a butcher; together they had ten children: The aforementioned Julius (1875-1942) and Rosa (1876-1959), Jeanette (1879-1954), Arthur (1881-1942), Helene (b.1883), Eugen (1885-1943), Adolph (1887-1940), Felix (1888-1891), Hedwig (1890-1966), and Rudolf (1893-1944). Several of them participated in the Risley act.

===The Rise And Tragic Fall Of The New Circus Lorch===

[[File:The_Brothers_Lorch_(1930).jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Julius, Adolph, Arthur, Rudolf, and Eugen Lorch (1930)]] In 1927, the brothers Julius, Arthur and Rudolph Lorch acquired the circus of [[The Althoff Dynasty|Wilhelm Althoff]] (1853-1934), which served as foundation for a new Circus Lorch. During the winter months, the brothers continued to take engagements in circus and variety shows in Europe with their Risley act, which they featured in their own circus during its touring season in southern Germany. Circus Lorch was a medium-size circus, but it presented nonetheless high-quality programs&mdash;which had included such luminaries as the legendary equestrienne [[Therese Renz]] (1859-1938), not to mention their own Lorch Family Risley act. 

Alas the rise of the National Socialist Party (the Nazi party) in Germany, combined with its rabid anti-Semitism and a dreadful economic situation&mdash;rendered even tougher for Jewish enterprises which were systematically boycotted&mdash;made it impossible for the Lorches to continue to run their circus: They were forced into bankruptcy in 1930. (They shared this dreadful fate with other famous Jewish circus families such as the [[The Blumenfeld Dynasty|Blumenfelds]] and the [[Circus Strassburger|Strassburgers]].) To make matters worse, by 1933, when the Nazi Party took power in Germany, the Lorches found themselves unwelcome in their hometown of Eschollbrücken.

Eventually several members of the Lorch family were captured and deported during WWII. Julius, Rudolf and Arthur were in Belgium with their sister Jeanette when the German forces invaded that country in 1940. Julius and Jeanette were able to hide, but Rudolf and Arthur were captured by the Gestapo and sent to forced labor in the French concentration camp of Gurs, and later to Auschwitz, where they were murdered. Julius lived in extreme poverty in Belgium, and virtually died of despair in 1942, at age sixty-seven. His wife, Sessie, was captured in 1943 and sent to Auschwitz, where she died after two months; Eugen was also murdered at Auschwitz. 

Alice Lorch, Julius’s daughter who had married the German acrobat Hans Danner, was luckier: She and her daughters, Irene and Gerda, were hidden during that time by [[The Althoff Dynasty|Adolph Althoff]] (1913-1998) in his circus, and survived WWII and the Nazi regime unharmed. Some others were fortunate to escape to England, Italy, and America. 

Although a few of the family’s surviving members remained in the circus after the War, Circus Lorch disappeared forever in the catastrophe, and sadly, the great Lorch circus dynasty went with it, never regaining its former status in the circus world. Yet with their circus and, above all, their exceptional Risley act, the Lorches wrote an important chapter of circus history. This fact was recognized by the Stadtmuseum of Pfungstadt, which installed an exhibit on the Lorch Family in 2014.

==Suggested Reading==

Ingebord Prior, ''Der Clown und die Zirkusreiterin'' (Munich, Piper Verlag GmbH, 1997) &mdash; ISBN 3-89029-196-1

==Image Gallery==

<Gallery>
File:Cirque_Lorch_Poster_(1889).jpeg|Circus Lorch Poster (1889)
File:Lorch_Riders.jpg|The Lorch Riders (c.1890)
File:The_Lorch_Family_(c1890).jpeg|The Lorch Family Risley act (c.1899)
File:Lorch_Family_Risley.jpg|The Lorch Family Risley act (c.1899)
File:Circus_Lorch_Postcard.jpeg|Julius Lorch and his family (c.1901)
File:Lorch_Family_Ringling.jpeg|Ringling Bros. Circus Poster (1909)
File:Circus_Lorch_Poster_(1910).jpeg|Circus Lorch Poster (1910)
File:Lorch_Family_Poster_(1913).jpeg|Lorch Family Poster (1913)
File:Lorch_Family_Friedlander_Poster.jpeg|Lorch Family Poster (c.1915)
File:Lorch_family_Vesque.jpg|The Lorch Family by M.J. Vesque (c,1920)
File:Julius_Lorch_and_his_Family_(c1920).jpeg|Julius, Sessie, Alice & Egon Lorch (c.1920)
File:Julius_Lorch_and_Family_(1923).jpeg|Julius Lorch and Family (1923)
File:The_Brothers_Lorch_(1930).jpeg|The Brothers Lorch (1930)
File:Circus_Lorch_Big_Top.jpeg|Circus Lorch (c.1930)
File:Circus_Lorch_Front.jpeg|Circus Lorch (c.1930)
File:Alice_Danner.jpg|Alice Lorch Danner (1932)
</Gallery>

[[Category:Artists and Acts|Lorch Family]][[Category:Acrobats|Lorch Family]][[Category:Risley Acts (Icarists)|Lorch Family]][[Category:Circus Owners and Directors|Lorch Family]][[Category:History|Lorch Family]]
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